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April 2026 Nature study linked a GLP1R variant to weight-loss response and GLP1R/GIPR variants to nausea/vomiting risk (GIPR on tirzepatide only). Free predictor based on your 23andMe data — the weight effect is about 0.76 kg per allele.
First DTC pharmacogenomics tool for GLP-1
23andMe Research Institute April 2026 Nature paper identified 4 high-impact variants in GLP1R, GIPR, and downstream signaling genes. Free predictor based on those findings. Each GLP1R effect allele adds only ~0.76 kg of weight loss — useful for expectations, not deterministic.
Your genetic variants
If you have 23andMe data, look up each rsID in your raw data. Mark "favorable" for protective allele, "unfavorable" for risk allele, "unknown" if not tested. See variant details below for which alleles are favorable.
rs10305420
GLP1R · Pro7Leu missense variant in GLP-1 receptor
Effect: Pro7Leu missense variant in GLP-1 receptor — alters receptor sensitivity
Population frequency: T (minor) ~30% in European, ~5% in African ancestry populations
Weight loss: TT genotype carriers showed ~20% greater weight loss on semaglutide vs CC carriers in 23andMe Apr 2026 study.
Nausea: No clear effect on nausea/GI side effects.
rs6923761
GLP1R · Gly168Ser variant
Effect: Gly168Ser variant — affects signaling downstream of receptor
Population frequency: A (minor) ~40% across populations
Weight loss: AA carriers show ~12% greater weight loss on semaglutide. Effect attenuated for tirzepatide (dual mechanism).
rs1042044
GIPR · Lys46Glu missense in GIP receptor
Effect: Lys46Glu missense in GIP receptor — alters tirzepatide-specific signaling
Population frequency: G (minor) ~25% European, ~50% Asian populations
Weight loss: GG genotype carriers show enhanced response to tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound). Less impact on semaglutide.
rs5443
GNB3 · C825T variant
Effect: C825T variant — affects G-protein signaling cascade
Population frequency: T (minor) ~30% European, ~60% Asian
Weight loss: No strong direct weight-loss effect.
Nausea: TT genotype carriers report 2x more severe nausea on GLP-1 therapy. Consider slower titration.
23andMe Total Health includes GLP-1 response report (based on April 2026 Nature study). Nucleus provides similar coverage with broader genome scope.
Predictive, not diagnostic. In the largest genetic study of GLP-1 response (27,885 users, Nature 2026), a model combining clinical and genetic factors explained about 25% of the variation in weight loss, and most of that came from non-genetic factors such as sex, drug, dose and time on treatment. The strongest variant (in GLP1R) added about 0.76 kg of weight loss per copy. Don\'t avoid treatment based on this alone. Discuss with prescriber.
In the April 2026 Nature study, non-genetic factors (age, sex, starting BMI, drug, dose and time on treatment) explained about 21.4% of the variance in BMI loss; each copy of the GLP1R effect allele added only about 0.76 kg of weight loss, and the GIPR variant was tied to nausea/vomiting on tirzepatide, not to weight loss. Genetics inform but don't determine outcome.
No. The genetic effect on weight loss is small — about 0.76 kg per copy of the GLP1R effect allele in the Nature 2026 study — so genotype does not decide whether to treat. Discuss with prescriber about dose escalation strategy.
23andMe Total Health ($199 + $99/yr) is most accessible — explicit GLP-1 response report based on the April 2026 Nature study. Nucleus ($300, one-time) does whole genome and gives broader pharmacogenomic context. For most users, 23andMe is enough.
Rarely. Most pharmacogenomic testing for GLP-1 is currently considered investigational by insurance. 23andMe + Nucleus are self-pay. Some integrative medicine + obesity specialty clinics include in their service packages.
Not directly. Genetics inform drug selection (semaglutide vs tirzepatide, expected dose) but don't replace BMI/comorbidity criteria for insurance approval. Use this to guide conversation with your prescriber, not bypass the standard pathway.
Useful — variants are inherited. If a sibling tried GLP-1 with poor response, your shared variants suggest you may have similar experience. Conversely, "super-responder" family members suggest you may benefit. Not deterministic but informative.
Educational tool, not diagnostic. Pharmacogenomic predictors are probabilistic — your individual response may vary. Don\'t avoid treatment based on this alone. Always discuss with your prescriber. Affiliate disclosure: we link to 23andMe + Nucleus and may earn commission.